Python

Python development commands for package management, virtual environments, testing, and script execution with pip and venv.

98 commands

Browse by Topic

Getting Started

Quick setup and installation

4commands

pip

Package installer

12commands

Poetry

Dependency management

14commands

uv

Fast package manager

13commands

venv

Virtual environments

8commands

pyenv

Version management

9commands

pipx

Tool installation

9commands

pytest

Testing framework

11commands

Ruff

Linter & formatter

9commands

mypy

Type checker

9commands

Install Python (macOS)

$ brew install python

Install Python 3 using Homebrew on macOS

Check Python version

$ python3 --version

Display installed Python version

Create virtual environment

$ python3 -m venv venv

Create a new virtual environment named 'venv'

Activate virtual environment

$ source venv/bin/activate

Activate the virtual environment (Unix/macOS)

Install package

$ pip install requests

Install a package from PyPI.

Install specific version

$ pip install requests==2.28.0

Install a specific version of a package.

Install from requirements

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

Install all packages from requirements file.

Install editable

$ pip install -e .

Install package in editable/development mode.

Upgrade package

$ pip install --upgrade requests

Upgrade package to latest version.

Uninstall package

$ pip uninstall requests -y

Remove a package without confirmation.

Freeze requirements

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt

Export installed packages to requirements file.

List installed packages

$ pip list

Show all installed packages.

Show outdated packages

$ pip list --outdated

List packages with available updates.

Show package info

$ pip show requests

Display detailed package information.

Check dependencies

$ pip check

Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.

Clear pip cache

$ pip cache purge

Remove all cached package files.

Create new project

$ poetry new my-project

Create a new Python project with Poetry structure.

Initialize in existing project

$ poetry init

Initialize Poetry in an existing directory.

Add dependency

$ poetry add requests

Add a package to dependencies.

Add dev dependency

$ poetry add -D pytest black

Add packages to development dependencies.

Add to group

$ poetry add -G docs sphinx

Add packages to a specific dependency group.

Remove dependency

$ poetry remove requests

Remove a package from dependencies.

Install dependencies

$ poetry install

Install project dependencies from lock file.

Install with sync

$ poetry install --sync

Install and remove packages not in lock file.

Update dependencies

$ poetry update

Update all dependencies to latest allowed versions.

Lock dependencies

$ poetry lock

Generate/update lock file without installing.

Run command

$ poetry run python script.py

Execute command in the virtual environment.

Show dependency tree

$ poetry show --tree

Display dependency tree visualization.

Build package

$ poetry build

Build source and wheel distributions.

Publish to PyPI

$ poetry publish --build

Build and publish package to PyPI.

Create project

$ uv init my-project

Create a new Python project with uv.

Add dependency

$ uv add requests

Add a package to the project.

Add dev dependency

$ uv add -D pytest ruff

Add packages as development dependencies.

Sync environment

$ uv sync

Synchronize environment with lock file.

Lock dependencies

$ uv lock

Generate or update the lock file.

Run command

$ uv run python script.py

Execute command in the project environment.

pip install (compatible)

$ uv pip install requests

Install package using pip-compatible interface.

pip sync requirements

$ uv pip sync requirements.txt

Sync environment with requirements file.

Create venv

$ uv venv

Create virtual environment (80x faster than venv).

Run tool (uvx)

$ uvx ruff check .

Run a tool in temporary isolated environment.

Install tool

$ uv tool install ruff

Install a CLI tool globally (like pipx).

Install Python

$ uv python install 3.12

Install a Python version (replaces pyenv).

List Python versions

$ uv python list

Show available Python versions.

Create venv

$ python -m venv venv

Create a virtual environment named 'venv'.

Create .venv

$ python -m venv .venv

Create venv with hidden directory (IDE-friendly).

Activate (Linux/macOS)

$ source venv/bin/activate

Activate virtual environment on Unix systems.

Activate (Windows)

$ venv\Scripts\activate

Activate virtual environment on Windows.

Activate (PowerShell)

$ venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

Activate virtual environment in PowerShell.

Deactivate

$ deactivate

Exit the virtual environment.

Create with system packages

$ python -m venv venv --system-site-packages

Create venv with access to system packages.

Create and upgrade pip

$ python -m venv venv --upgrade-deps

Create venv with latest pip and setuptools.

List available versions

$ pyenv install --list

Show all available Python versions.

Install Python version

$ pyenv install 3.12.0

Install a specific Python version.

List installed versions

$ pyenv versions

Show all installed Python versions.

Set global version

$ pyenv global 3.12.0

Set Python version for all shells.

Set local version

$ pyenv local 3.11.0

Set Python version for current directory.

Set shell version

$ pyenv shell 3.10.0

Set Python version for current shell session.

Show current version

$ pyenv version

Display currently active Python version.

Uninstall version

$ pyenv uninstall 3.9.0

Remove an installed Python version.

Rehash shims

$ pyenv rehash

Rebuild shims after installing packages with executables.

Install tool

$ pipx install black

Install a CLI tool in isolated environment.

Run without install

$ pipx run cowsay hello

Run a tool without permanent installation.

List installed tools

$ pipx list

Show all pipx-installed applications.

Upgrade tool

$ pipx upgrade black

Upgrade a specific tool to latest version.

Upgrade all tools

$ pipx upgrade-all

Upgrade all pipx-installed tools.

Uninstall tool

$ pipx uninstall black

Remove a pipx-installed tool.

Inject package

$ pipx inject black click

Add a package to an existing pipx environment.

Ensure PATH

$ pipx ensurepath

Add pipx binary location to PATH.

Reinstall all

$ pipx reinstall-all

Reinstall all tools (after Python upgrade).

Run all tests

$ pytest

Run all tests in current directory.

Run with verbose

$ pytest -v

Run tests with verbose output.

Run specific file

$ pytest tests/test_api.py

Run tests in a specific file.

Run specific test

$ pytest tests/test_api.py::test_login

Run a specific test function.

Filter by name

$ pytest -k "login or signup"

Run tests matching name pattern.

Stop on first failure

$ pytest -x

Exit after first test failure.

Show print output

$ pytest -s

Don't capture stdout (show print statements).

Run with coverage

$ pytest --cov=myapp --cov-report=term-missing

Generate coverage report with missing lines.

Run by marker

$ pytest -m slow

Run only tests with specific marker.

Debug on failure

$ pytest --pdb

Drop into debugger on test failure.

Show slowest tests

$ pytest --durations=10

Show 10 slowest tests.

Check code

$ ruff check .

Lint all files in current directory.

Check and fix

$ ruff check . --fix

Lint and auto-fix all safe issues.

Fix with unsafe

$ ruff check . --fix --unsafe-fixes

Apply all fixes including potentially unsafe ones.

Format code

$ ruff format .

Format all files (like Black).

Check formatting

$ ruff format --check .

Check if files are formatted without changing.

Watch mode

$ ruff check . --watch

Re-lint on file changes.

Select rules

$ ruff check . --select E,F,W

Check only specific rule categories.

Ignore rules

$ ruff check . --ignore E501

Ignore specific rules during check.

Add noqa comments

$ ruff check . --add-noqa

Add suppression comments for all violations.

Check file

$ mypy script.py

Type check a single file.

Check directory

$ mypy src/

Type check all files in a directory.

Strict mode

$ mypy --strict src/

Enable all strict type checking options.

Ignore missing imports

$ mypy --ignore-missing-imports src/

Suppress errors for untyped dependencies.

Disallow untyped defs

$ mypy --disallow-untyped-defs src/

Error on functions without type annotations.

Show error codes

$ mypy --show-error-codes src/

Display error codes for easier suppression.

Pretty output

$ mypy --pretty src/

Show errors with context and formatting.

Check specific version

$ mypy --python-version 3.10 src/

Type check against specific Python version.

No incremental

$ mypy --no-incremental src/

Run fresh check without using cache.

Discussion

Loading comments...

Python

Python development commands for package management, virtual environments, testing, and script execution with pip and venv.

98 commands

Browse by Topic

Getting Started

Quick setup and installation

4commands

pip

Package installer

12commands

Poetry

Dependency management

14commands

uv

Fast package manager

13commands

venv

Virtual environments

8commands

pyenv

Version management

9commands

pipx

Tool installation

9commands

pytest

Testing framework

11commands

Ruff

Linter & formatter

9commands

mypy

Type checker

9commands

Install Python (macOS)

$ brew install python

Install Python 3 using Homebrew on macOS

Check Python version

$ python3 --version

Display installed Python version

Create virtual environment

$ python3 -m venv venv

Create a new virtual environment named 'venv'

Activate virtual environment

$ source venv/bin/activate

Activate the virtual environment (Unix/macOS)

Install package

$ pip install requests

Install a package from PyPI.

Install specific version

$ pip install requests==2.28.0

Install a specific version of a package.

Install from requirements

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

Install all packages from requirements file.

Install editable

$ pip install -e .

Install package in editable/development mode.

Upgrade package

$ pip install --upgrade requests

Upgrade package to latest version.

Uninstall package

$ pip uninstall requests -y

Remove a package without confirmation.

Freeze requirements

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt

Export installed packages to requirements file.

List installed packages

$ pip list

Show all installed packages.

Show outdated packages

$ pip list --outdated

List packages with available updates.

Show package info

$ pip show requests

Display detailed package information.

Check dependencies

$ pip check

Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.

Clear pip cache

$ pip cache purge

Remove all cached package files.

Create new project

$ poetry new my-project

Create a new Python project with Poetry structure.

Initialize in existing project

$ poetry init

Initialize Poetry in an existing directory.

Add dependency

$ poetry add requests

Add a package to dependencies.

Add dev dependency

$ poetry add -D pytest black

Add packages to development dependencies.

Add to group

$ poetry add -G docs sphinx

Add packages to a specific dependency group.

Remove dependency

$ poetry remove requests

Remove a package from dependencies.

Install dependencies

$ poetry install

Install project dependencies from lock file.

Install with sync

$ poetry install --sync

Install and remove packages not in lock file.

Update dependencies

$ poetry update

Update all dependencies to latest allowed versions.

Lock dependencies

$ poetry lock

Generate/update lock file without installing.

Run command

$ poetry run python script.py

Execute command in the virtual environment.

Show dependency tree

$ poetry show --tree

Display dependency tree visualization.

Build package

$ poetry build

Build source and wheel distributions.

Publish to PyPI

$ poetry publish --build

Build and publish package to PyPI.

Create project

$ uv init my-project

Create a new Python project with uv.

Add dependency

$ uv add requests

Add a package to the project.

Add dev dependency

$ uv add -D pytest ruff

Add packages as development dependencies.

Sync environment

$ uv sync

Synchronize environment with lock file.

Lock dependencies

$ uv lock

Generate or update the lock file.

Run command

$ uv run python script.py

Execute command in the project environment.

pip install (compatible)

$ uv pip install requests

Install package using pip-compatible interface.

pip sync requirements

$ uv pip sync requirements.txt

Sync environment with requirements file.

Create venv

$ uv venv

Create virtual environment (80x faster than venv).

Run tool (uvx)

$ uvx ruff check .

Run a tool in temporary isolated environment.

Install tool

$ uv tool install ruff

Install a CLI tool globally (like pipx).

Install Python

$ uv python install 3.12

Install a Python version (replaces pyenv).

List Python versions

$ uv python list

Show available Python versions.

Create venv

$ python -m venv venv

Create a virtual environment named 'venv'.

Create .venv

$ python -m venv .venv

Create venv with hidden directory (IDE-friendly).

Activate (Linux/macOS)

$ source venv/bin/activate

Activate virtual environment on Unix systems.

Activate (Windows)

$ venv\Scripts\activate

Activate virtual environment on Windows.

Activate (PowerShell)

$ venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

Activate virtual environment in PowerShell.

Deactivate

$ deactivate

Exit the virtual environment.

Create with system packages

$ python -m venv venv --system-site-packages

Create venv with access to system packages.

Create and upgrade pip

$ python -m venv venv --upgrade-deps

Create venv with latest pip and setuptools.

List available versions

$ pyenv install --list

Show all available Python versions.

Install Python version

$ pyenv install 3.12.0

Install a specific Python version.

List installed versions

$ pyenv versions

Show all installed Python versions.

Set global version

$ pyenv global 3.12.0

Set Python version for all shells.

Set local version

$ pyenv local 3.11.0

Set Python version for current directory.

Set shell version

$ pyenv shell 3.10.0

Set Python version for current shell session.

Show current version

$ pyenv version

Display currently active Python version.

Uninstall version

$ pyenv uninstall 3.9.0

Remove an installed Python version.

Rehash shims

$ pyenv rehash

Rebuild shims after installing packages with executables.

Install tool

$ pipx install black

Install a CLI tool in isolated environment.

Run without install

$ pipx run cowsay hello

Run a tool without permanent installation.

List installed tools

$ pipx list

Show all pipx-installed applications.

Upgrade tool

$ pipx upgrade black

Upgrade a specific tool to latest version.

Upgrade all tools

$ pipx upgrade-all

Upgrade all pipx-installed tools.

Uninstall tool

$ pipx uninstall black

Remove a pipx-installed tool.

Inject package

$ pipx inject black click

Add a package to an existing pipx environment.

Ensure PATH

$ pipx ensurepath

Add pipx binary location to PATH.

Reinstall all

$ pipx reinstall-all

Reinstall all tools (after Python upgrade).

Run all tests

$ pytest

Run all tests in current directory.

Run with verbose

$ pytest -v

Run tests with verbose output.

Run specific file

$ pytest tests/test_api.py

Run tests in a specific file.

Run specific test

$ pytest tests/test_api.py::test_login

Run a specific test function.

Filter by name

$ pytest -k "login or signup"

Run tests matching name pattern.

Stop on first failure

$ pytest -x

Exit after first test failure.

Show print output

$ pytest -s

Don't capture stdout (show print statements).

Run with coverage

$ pytest --cov=myapp --cov-report=term-missing

Generate coverage report with missing lines.

Run by marker

$ pytest -m slow

Run only tests with specific marker.

Debug on failure

$ pytest --pdb

Drop into debugger on test failure.

Show slowest tests

$ pytest --durations=10

Show 10 slowest tests.

Check code

$ ruff check .

Lint all files in current directory.

Check and fix

$ ruff check . --fix

Lint and auto-fix all safe issues.

Fix with unsafe

$ ruff check . --fix --unsafe-fixes

Apply all fixes including potentially unsafe ones.

Format code

$ ruff format .

Format all files (like Black).

Check formatting

$ ruff format --check .

Check if files are formatted without changing.

Watch mode

$ ruff check . --watch

Re-lint on file changes.

Select rules

$ ruff check . --select E,F,W

Check only specific rule categories.

Ignore rules

$ ruff check . --ignore E501

Ignore specific rules during check.

Add noqa comments

$ ruff check . --add-noqa

Add suppression comments for all violations.

Check file

$ mypy script.py

Type check a single file.

Check directory

$ mypy src/

Type check all files in a directory.

Strict mode

$ mypy --strict src/

Enable all strict type checking options.

Ignore missing imports

$ mypy --ignore-missing-imports src/

Suppress errors for untyped dependencies.

Disallow untyped defs

$ mypy --disallow-untyped-defs src/

Error on functions without type annotations.

Show error codes

$ mypy --show-error-codes src/

Display error codes for easier suppression.

Pretty output

$ mypy --pretty src/

Show errors with context and formatting.

Check specific version

$ mypy --python-version 3.10 src/

Type check against specific Python version.

No incremental

$ mypy --no-incremental src/

Run fresh check without using cache.

Discussion

Loading comments...